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高中英語語法大全【最新版】,2019高中英語語法總結(jié)歸納

更新:2020年04月04日 19:47 大學(xué)路
高考是一個是一場千軍萬馬過獨(dú)木橋的戰(zhàn)役。面對高考,考生總是有很多困惑,什么時候開始報名?高考體檢對報考專業(yè)有什么影響?什么時候填報志愿?怎么填報志愿?等等,為了幫助考生解惑,大學(xué)路整理了高中英語語法大全【最新版】,2019高中英語語法總結(jié)歸納相關(guān)信息,供考生參考,一起來看一下吧高中英語語法大全【最新版】,2019高中英語語法總結(jié)歸納

  英語和漢語一樣,是一門語言,是溝通交流的工具,是接觸英語文化的基礎(chǔ)。我們要把它作為一門語言而不但但是一門學(xué)科看,你就會不再糾結(jié)于英語的語法知識。有很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為不會英語語法知識,英語注定學(xué)不好了,這種想法是完完全全錯誤的。你需要明白的是你漢語說的那么溜,語文題也會答,但你有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)漢語的語法知識你也不懂?所以,以下高中英語語法大全【最新版】趕緊收藏吧。

  英語語法,指英語中語言的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律,包括詞法和句法。高考中占分比重較大的就是句法,而句法中較為重要的是句子成分和句型結(jié)構(gòu)。

  一、句子成分

  組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。英語句子成分有主語,謂語,表語,賓語,賓語補(bǔ)足語,定語,狀語等。

  1、主語

  主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,不定式等充當(dāng)。

  You are geilivable. I believe you can make it.你很給力,我相信你能做好的。

  2、謂語

  謂語說明主語的動作,狀態(tài)或特征。由動詞(或短語動詞) 、情態(tài)動詞+不定式組成。

  I love you.

  You can make friends with me.

  3、表語

  表語是謂語的一部分,它位于系動詞如be之后,常有系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

  You are handsome.你很帥哦~

  4、賓語

  賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之后,能作賓語的有名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動詞不定式等。

  I love you.

  有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物,指人的叫間接賓語,指物的叫直接賓語。

  You gave me(間接賓語) courage(直接賓語) 你給我勇氣。

  5、定語

  在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。

  用作定語的主要是形容詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞,副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等。

  You are a brave boy.

  The bike in the room is mine.房間里的自行車是我的。

  6、狀語

  修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞,介詞短語,不定式和從句等。

  I love travelling in the spring.介詞短語修飾travel

  7.補(bǔ)語用來說明賓語或主語所處的狀態(tài)或正在進(jìn)行的動作,因?yàn)橛⒄Z中有些動詞加賓語后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(請)等等。如果我們說:你使我。這不是一句完整的話。應(yīng)該說:你使我快樂。這是的“happy”為形容詞做補(bǔ)語,說明我的狀態(tài)。

  You make me happy.

  作補(bǔ)語的詞或詞組為:形容詞,副詞,名詞,不定式,ing形式,數(shù)詞等。

  贊同

  二、句型結(jié)構(gòu)

  一、簡單句

  1.主語+謂語

  這種句型簡稱為主謂結(jié)構(gòu),其謂語一般都是不及物動詞,例:

  Things change.事物是變化的。

  2.主語+連系動詞+表語(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

  I am fine.

  3.主語+謂語+賓語

  這種句型可稱為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),它的謂語一般多是及物動詞,例:

  I love you.

  4.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語

  這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu),其謂語應(yīng)是可有雙賓語的及物動詞,兩個賓語一個是間接賓語,一個是直接賓語,例:

  You gave me(間接賓語) courage(直接賓語) 你給我勇氣。

  5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)

  I found the book easy.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書不難。(形容詞easy作補(bǔ)語)

  *It 引導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)

  作形式主語(it is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.)或形式賓語(it + adj. + to do sth.)

  It is nice to know.認(rèn)識你很高興。

  二、并列句

  兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。并列連詞有:and, but, or, so等。

  You love music and you are good at music .

  三、復(fù)合句,即各種從句。包括名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)、定語從句、狀語從句。高考中占分比最大的是賓語從句、表語從句、同位語、主語、定語

  (1)表語從句

  1. 定義:用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。

  2. 構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句

  3. 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類:

  (1) 連詞that。如:

  The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。

  (2) 連詞whether, as, as if。如:

  He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。

  The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。

  注:從屬連詞if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句,但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句,如:

  All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.

  這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。

  能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。如:

  It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。

  (3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

  連接副詞 where, when, how, why。

  如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。

  The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。

  That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。

  解釋:

  1. 連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如:

  I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰唷?/p>

  2. 在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示,should可省略。如:

  My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。

  (2)主語從句

  1. 定義:用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。

  2. 構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句

  3. 引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類:

  (1) 從屬連詞that。如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

  很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。

  (2) 從屬連詞whether。如:

  Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否會來這里還不清楚。

  (3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

  連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如:

  What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。

  How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的,誰也不清楚。

  Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都?xì)g迎。

  Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。

  解釋:

  1. 主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有:

  A. It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如:

  It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。

  It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。

  B. It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如:

  It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遺憾我們不能去。

  It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。

  C. It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。如:

  It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。

  It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

  據(jù)報道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。

  D. It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如:

  It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。

  It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。

  E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如:

  It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。

  It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。

  F. 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:

  Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報告是真的嗎?

  Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?

  G. 當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:

  How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!

  2.注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義

  Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 來的人將受到歡迎。

  Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正確的。

  Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你們當(dāng)中不論哪個進(jìn)來將會得到獎

  (3)賓語從句

  1. 定義:用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。

  2. 構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句

  3. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類:

  (1) 從屬連詞that。如:

  He told us that he felt ill. 他對我們說他感到不舒服。

  I know he has returned. 我知道他已經(jīng)回來了。

  注: that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下,that不能省略。

  1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個賓語從句,that賓語從句放在and的后面時,that不能省略。)

  大家都會看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

  2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時,that不能省略。)

  對他我一無所知,只知道他是南方人。

  3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that從句位于句首時,that不可省略。)

  我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。

  4. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句謂語動詞與that從句之間有插入語,that不可省略。)

  鑒于他的特殊情況,我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。

  (2)從屬連詞if/whether。如:

  I doubt whether he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否會成功。

  I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否幫助我。

  (3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

  連接副詞 where, when, how, why。

  如:

  Who or what he was, Martin never learned.

  他是什么人?他是干什么的?馬丁根本不知道。

  I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。

  I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我會告訴你我為什么要你來。

  You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。

  (1) 介詞賓語從句

  賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如:

  He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

  他對那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。

  I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。

  I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要說什么。

  Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

  你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。

  有時介詞可以省略。如:

  I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管誰跟他結(jié)婚。

  Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做這件事的方式。

  解釋:

  1.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則用it作形式賓語,而將賓語從句后置。如:

  We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

  我們認(rèn)為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。

  He has made it clear that he will not give in.

  他已表明他不會屈服。

  2.作介詞的賓語:連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語,只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo),則需用it先行一步,作形式賓語。如:

  He is a good student except that he is careless.

  他是一個好學(xué)生,只是有點(diǎn)粗心。

  You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我會幫助你的。

  介詞賓語不可以用which來引導(dǎo),而要用what來引導(dǎo)。如:

  Are you sorry for what you've done?

  你為你所做的一切感到內(nèi)疚嗎?

  3.某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句,這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等,連詞that可省略。如:

  I am not sure what I ought to do.

  我不能確定我該做什么。

  I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.

  恐怕你沒領(lǐng)會我說的意思。

  I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.

  我好奇怪,我以前沒看到過。

  Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

  媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到高興。

  4.連詞whether (…or not)或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

  if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以互換使用,但whether常和or not連用,if一般不與or not連用。如:

  I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。

  用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句如果會引起歧義,應(yīng)避免使用if而用wheter。試比較:

  Please let me know if you want to go.

  Please let me know whether you want to go.

  if從句可理解為賓語從句,意為“請告訴我你是否想去”;此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為“如果你想去的話,請告訴我一聲”。

  5.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞后的賓語從句,有時謂語盡管是否定意思,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。如?/p>

  I don’t think you are right. 我認(rèn)為你錯了。

  I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。

  I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是嗎?

  6. 賓語從句的時態(tài)變化規(guī)律:

  (1) 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時,從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時態(tài)。

  (2) 當(dāng)主句是一般過去時態(tài)時,從句只能使用過去范圍內(nèi)的任何時態(tài)。但客觀真理除外。如:

  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

  老師說地球繞著太陽運(yùn)行。

  (4)同位語從句

  1. 定義:用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。

  2. 用法:同位語從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如:

  They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

  對你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。

  Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

  你在哪兒聽說我不能來?

  Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

  德國已對俄國宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。

  注:同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如:

  I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否來。

  連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

  The question who should do the work requires consideration.

  誰該干這項(xiàng)工作,這個問題需要考慮。

  We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

  到哪兒去度暑假,這個問題我們還沒有決定。

  It is a question how he did it.

  那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。

  解釋:

  1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別

  that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句

  that引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  句法功能上

  that只起連接從句的作用,無意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。

  that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用,還充當(dāng)一個句子成分。如在從句中作動詞的賓語時可省略。

  意義上

  從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。

  從句起限定作用,是定語

  如:The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位語從句,that不可省。)

  李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的。

  The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定語從句,that在從句中作told的賓語,可省。)

  他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。

  2.一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形表示。should可省。如:

  This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

  這就是我們唯一的請求:盡快解決這個問題。

  (5)同位語從句

  1. 定義:用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。

  2. 用法:同位語從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如:

  They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

  對你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。

  Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

  你在哪兒聽說我不能來?

  Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

  德國已對俄國宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。

  注:同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如:

  I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否來。

  連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

  The question who should do the work requires consideration.

  誰該干這項(xiàng)工作,這個問題需要考慮。

  We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

  到哪兒去度暑假,這個問題我們還沒有決定。

  It is a question how he did it.

  那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。

  解釋:

  1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別

  that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句

  that引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  句法功能上

  that只起連接從句的作用,無意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。

  that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用,還充當(dāng)一個句子成分。如在從句中作動詞的賓語時可省略。

  意義上

  從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。

  從句起限定作用,是定語

  如:The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位語從句,that不可省。)

  李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的。

  The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定語從句,that在從句中作told的賓語,可省。)

  他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。

  2.一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形表示。should可省。如:

  This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

  這就是我們唯一的請求:盡快解決這個問題。

  測試:

  A. 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空:

  1. It worried her a bit() her hair was turning gray.

  2. I have no idea() we can do with these waste materials.

  3. The doctor really doubts is( ) ( ) my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

  4. It is hoped ( ) nature will never be destroyed.

  5. Do you guess( ) will give a talk on English tomorrow?

  6. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

  ---- Is that ( )you had a few days off?

  7. Word came ( )I was wanted at the office.

  8. Do you know( ) of them will be our new headmaster?

  9. The teacher didn't tell me( )we were wrong.

  B. 單項(xiàng)選擇:

  1. It was true Alice did surprised her mother.

  A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that

  2. Does matter much he can't come to the meeting.

  A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether

  3. ----What are you anxious about? ---- .

  A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed

  C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed

  4. The reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working.

  A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because

  5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

  A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person

  6. I really don't know ____________ I had this photo taken.

  A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why

  7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can't remember .

  A. where B. there C. which D. that

  8. ----What do you think of China? --- different life is today from it used to be.

  A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that

  9. Give this to you think can do the work well.

  A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever

  10. troubles me is I can't learn all these English idioms by heart.

  A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that

  答案:

  A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that

  5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which

  9. where

  B. 1-5 CABBB 6-10 ACACD

  高中的英語跟初中英語比較起來,有一個明顯的提升,語法的只是基本上也貫穿了整個高中。英語想要得到本質(zhì)上的提升,給以后打好基礎(chǔ),語法知識還是得知道,畢竟高中的語法知識都是比較基本的。比如你得知道各種不同時態(tài)的正確用法,知道他們用的時候的環(huán)境,各種從句的用法,強(qiáng)調(diào)句,倒裝句,非謂語動詞等等,這些都得掌握,才能理解并且寫出漂亮的英語句子。

  因此高中想要學(xué)好英語,語法跟詞匯都必須跟得上喲~

  專注教育專注中小學(xué)*補(bǔ)課,全國領(lǐng)先的*補(bǔ)習(xí)平臺,誠聘全國各地重點(diǎn)學(xué)校名師,孩子成績不理想,隨時歡迎咨詢。

  以上就是大學(xué)路為大家?guī)淼母咧杏⒄Z語法大全【最新版】,2019高中英語語法總結(jié)歸納,希望能幫助到廣大考生!

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